西安高新一中   王榜娥
2008年7月12日，我校迎来了美国大波士顿教育家中心的老师们，他们都是教育学硕士或博士，从7月12日至7月25日对我校部分英语老师进行了培训。我有幸参加了这次高级培训，下面是我的一点体会。
一、 彻底改变教师的授学方式
说到教学方式，我们一贯的做法就是抓紧课堂四十五分钟，把要讲的东西从基本概念到实际应用一直讲到最后一分钟，竭尽可能把自己知道的全部“倒”给学生，这样做似乎才可以放下心，才觉得把知识真正的教给了学生。教师完全课堂的主人，教师主宰了一切，教师一直在唱独角戏。而来自美国大波士顿的老师，他们的做法却完全不同。就那教阅读理解来说，他们采用了一种叫做“文学圈”的教学方式，具体的做法是：针对一大篇具体文章，将学生分成word finder, connector, questioner and passage picker四个不同的角色。The job of passage you are reading that are interesting, challenging or important to the meaning of the text. The job of the connector is to think of the ways in which the reading connects to his or her own life. It might also connect to another text, or to the world. The connections should be ones that deepen your understanding of what you are reading. The job of questioner is to think of several questions that would be good for group discussion. The questions should be ones that make the readers think and express ideas and opinions. The questioner is also the group leader. It is his or her responsibility to lead the group and make sure that all the participants have time to share their ideas and their work .the job of the passage picker is to choose a part of the text, a paragraph or even a sentence that you feel is important. It might also be a part that you particularly like for some reason or maybe one that helps you understand something better. Perhaps you like the way the author describes something.
这样一来，学生被分成了几个小组来学习一篇文章，而且每个人都有具体的事情做，而且因为分工的原因，大家都有任务还都不累。典型的任务型教学方式，每个小组都产生了领导者，老师彻底放手，解放老师，让学生自主学习，自由发挥，真正体现了教育的新理念：教育的起点是为了每一个孩子的发展，教育的终点是让孩子各尽其能。
二、 自主、合作、探究的学习方式
  作为学生，以前的做法就是上课时毕恭毕敬地听老师讲，从头到尾只是被动的接受。下课后再去做老师布置得没完没了的作业。如此日复一日地重复。而来自美国的创新教育学院的老师，他们的做法让人耳目一新，真正的实现了创新教育，再以阅读课为例来说吧。他们推出了一种叫做“读者剧场”的教学模式，他们的定义如下：
Readers Theatre is a dramatic activity in which readers read and interpret a script using their voices, hand movements and facial expressions. Nothing is memorized, and costumes aren’t necessary. Usually readers sit or stand in a semi-circle facing the audience. From this position, they may look at one another as they speak or may even step out of the semi-circle to address one another. Movements, however, are kept simple, and actions are mimed. Sounds may be added as well-----explosions, wind, animal sounds and so forth. many prepared scripts are available, but other students develop their own scripts from short stories, picture books and scenes from a novel.
从他们的定义，就可以看出学生的学习方式彻底得到了改变，比如，让学生自己去读文章，然后用他们自己的声音、动作及面部表情以剧本的形式再现故事内容，不需要去死记硬背任何东西，学生常会坐或站或一个半圆式，面向观众。这样的话会不显得拘束，而且彼此还方便表情的交流。动作可以根据剧中人物的需要去模仿现实中类似人物的行为，尽量简单明了，如有必要还可以加上一些情景音响，比如风声、爆炸声、动物叫声等等，学生可以利用现成的剧本，也可以根据故事、小说中的一些情景自编自导，用表演的方式达到学习的目的，学生在自主设计的过程中亲身体验文中角色的内心世界，理解课文的内容和作者产生共鸣。这种心灵的震撼让他们终生难忘，成功的表演所带来的喜悦让他们信心倍增，永不厌倦，真正实现了自主、合作、探究的学习方法。
   总之，这次美国大波士顿创新性教育学院的培训让我受益匪浅，他们在听、说、读、写各方面都有自己的独到之处，上面仅就阅读教学谈了一点我自己的体会，敬请大家分享。